Defense Affairs

A materials scientist inspects perforated propellant grains in a protected quality-control laboratory overlooking a modern chemical production hall.

Europe’s Ammunition Race Has a Chemical Bottleneck

European defense ministers have highlighted the urgent need for ammunition amid slow production increases. Discussions emphasized a mismatch between immediate military requirements and future capacity, particularly for energetic materials like explosives and propellants. Current efforts by Britain and Poland aim to boost production, but challenges in supply chains and production timelines remain.

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A fictional ground-crew chief directs an unmarked fighter aircraft and a small support team on a forest highway converted into a temporary airstrip at dawn.

The Runway Is No Longer the Base: How Dispersion Is Rewriting Airpower and Deterrence

The effectiveness of modern airpower relies on resilience rather than inventory numbers. Lessons from Ukraine, Finland, Taiwan, and the U.S. show that dispersed operations, rapid logistics, and mobile command structures are vital for strategic survival post-attack. A networked approach with multiple support layers is essential for sustained combat effectiveness.

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